Hello Inigo
I have this pool of information about survey. I think it would be enough for start of survey business processes configuration .
Function modules CRM_MKTCA_SURVEY_MKT_PBO and CRM_MKTCA_SURVEY_MKT_PAI do not have the functionality to save the business partner attribute values
http://scn.sap.com/thread/1779132
Create, run and analyze an E-Mail Campaign with a Survey (Part 1)
Inbound mail processing – Attach files to Opportunity
http://scn.sap.com/community/crm/blog/2005/10/02/inbound-mail-processing-attach-files-to-opportunity
Receiving E-Mail and processing it with ABAP - Version 610 and Higher
Survey Parameter XML for http(s)
http://scn.sap.com/thread/1071619
Survey mailer approach
http://scn.sap.com/thread/1814008
Configuration to Track / Evaluate Survey Response
http://scn.sap.com/thread/1831853
Notes
Note 1717324 - Survey Tool: Survey Mailer Servlet
Note 1367567 - CRM Survey:FAQs
Hope it helps
Regards, EL